Kampala is the capital city of Uganda and has a nighttime population of 1.2 million people (2002 Population Census) and a daytime population of 2.8 million people. The annual population growth rate is estimated at 3.8 percent and the result of rapid population growth has meant the emergence of structures and dwelling units without adequate toilets, water supply and drainage. Such developments have exacerbated the proliferation of slum settlements with poor sanitation, drainage systems and waste disposal practices. Kampala City Council has not been able to enforce standards in the slum areas, many of which encroach on wetlands, and this has undermined environmental planning and management in the Kampala.