Agriculture is the main economic activity in Kigoma Region, employing over 70% of the population, dominated by small-scale farmers, especially women. The major crops are maize, beans, cassava, rice, bananas, oil palm, coffee, tobacco and various fruits and vegetables. Recently sunflower has been introduced in the region.

The agriculture in Kigoma region is characterized by low crop production and productivity, poor service delivery, lack of farmers' organization, poor market access, weak linkages between actors and the lack of active search for supporting each other and achieving a win-win collaboration.